• Jul 13, 2026 avascular necrosis of the foot and ankle an issue ad affected areas. Joint Preservation Procedures: For early stages, such as osteochondral grafts. Resection and Arthrodesis: For joint collapse or extensive necrosis. Total Ankle Arthroplasty or Arthrodesis: In cases of severe joint destruction. Emerging and Experimental Therapies Stem Cell Ther By Gabe Smith-Ledner
